National-scale remotely sensed lake trophic state from 1984 through 2020.

Lake trophic state is a key ecosystem property that integrates a lake's physical, chemical, and biological processes. Despite the importance of trophic state as a gauge of lake water quality, standardized and machine-readable observations are uncommon. Remote sensing presents an opportunity to detect and analyze lake trophic state with reproducible, robust methods across time and space. We used Landsat surface reflectance data to create the first compendium of annual lake trophic state for 55,662 lakes of at least 10 ha in area throughout the contiguous United States from 1984 through 2020. The dataset was constructed with FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reproducible) in mind, where data are publicly available, relational keys from parent datasets are retained, and all data wrangling and modeling routines are scripted for future reuse. Together, this resource offers critical data to address basic and applied research questions about lake water quality at a suite of spatial and temporal scales.

[Exploration of acupuncture treatment for insomnia induced by mental retardation: based on "trinity theory of shaoyang, sanjiao and haishi"].

Insomnia induced by mental retardation is related to the synergistic dysfunction of "shaoyang, sanjiao and haishi (the period of the day from 9 pm to 11 pm) " in pathogenesis. Based on "trinity theory of shaoyang, sanjiao and haishi ", the acupoints of hand and food shaoyang meridians on the head and face (Fengchi [GB 20], Sizhukong [TE 23] and Jiaosun [TE 20]) and those on the four limbs (Sanyangluo [TE 8], Zhongzhu [TE 3], Qiuxu [GB 40] and Xiaxi [GB 43]) are selected to regulate the pivot function of shaoyang. Front-mu and back-shu points (Sanjiaoshu [BL 22], Danzhong [CV 17] and Tianshu [ST 5]), as well as auricular points (Gan [CO12], Dan [CO11] and Sanjiao [CO17]) are chosen to promote qi circulation of shaoyang and sanjiao meridians. In association with the relevant knowledge of time acupuncture at haishi, the circadian rhythm of sleep is set up and the appropriate sleep pattern is developed.

[Theoretical and clinical application of insomnia caused by "stomach disorder could lead to excess of yang-qiao meridian"].

To explore the mechanism of insomnia caused by "stomach disorder could lead to excess of yang-qiao meridian" and clinical application of treating insomnia with acupoints in qiao meridian as the main points. From meridian theory, intersection between stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming and yang-qiao meridian is through Chengqi (ST 1). Qiao meridian for sleep is mainly because it is connected with eyes through the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang. For Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming is intersected with the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang in Jingming (BL 1), and intersected with yin and yang qiao meridian beside the mouth and under the eye, once functional disorder of the stomach, it can affect qi movements of the whole body and give rise to various pathological changes that cause insomnia. Meanwhile examples are given to explain the clinical application of treating subborn insomnia with corresponding acupoint of stomach and yang-qiao meridian.

[Influence of acupuncture on the motor ability in training-induced fatigue mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of acupuncture on the motor ability of training-induced fatigue mice so as to explore its mechanism underlying acupuncture-induced improvement of physical training fatigue. METHODS: Sixty Kunming mice were divided into normal control, training model and acupuncture groups, with 20 mice in each. The training-fatigue model was established by forcing the mouse to swim in a water tank for 30 min/d in the 1st week, 60 min/d in the 2nd week, 90 min/d in the 3rd week and 120 min/d in the 4th and 5th weeks. "Guanyuan" (CV 4), and bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) were punctured with filiform needles, and with the needle twirled for about 30 s and retained for 5 min. Thetreatment was conducted once daily for 2 weeks. The duration of exhaustion training was recorded. Serum lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) contents were detected by LA oxidase method, immune-suppressive assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the training-fatigue (model) group, the duration of the exhausted swimming of the acupuncture group was obviously longer (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, serum LA, LDH and CK contents were increased considerably in the model and acupuncture groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while compared with the model group, serum LDH level of acupuncture group was increased significantly (P < 0.05), and serum CK level of acupuncture group decreased obviously (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the model and acupuncture groups in serum LA content (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture can effectively improve the motor ability of the training-fatigue mice, which may be closely relevant to its effects in upregulating LDH activity and reducing serum CK.